Lesson 2 - Threats to the Marine Environment

Text by Alan Deidun; Design and images by Martin Galea De Giovanni

 














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The global fish catch was highest in the late 1990’s and reached 95 million tons – it has varied slightly since then.

Death and disease caused by polluted coastal waters costs the global economy US$12.8 billion ($12800 million - $12,800,000,000!) a year.
Plastic waste kills up to 1 million sea birds, 100,000 sea mammals and countless fish each year. Plastic remains in our ecosystem for years harming thousands of sea creatures everyday.
Over the past decade, an average of 600,000 barrels of oil a year has been accidentally spilled from ships, the equivalent of 12 disasters the size of the sinking of the oil tanker Prestige in 2002.
The High Seas -- areas of the ocean which do not belong to any one nation -- cover almost 50 per cent of the Earth's surface. They are the least protected part of the world.
As many as 100 million sharks are killed each year for their meat and fins, which are used for shark fin soup. Hunters typically catch the sharks, de-fin them while alive and throw them back into the ocean where they either drown or bleed to death.
Global by-catch -- unintended destruction caused by the use of non-selective fishing gear, such as trawl nets, longlines and gillnets -- amounts to 20 million tons a year.
The annual global by-catch mortality of small whales, dolphins and porpoises alone is estimated to be more than 300,000 individuals.
In the Mediterranean Sea alone, there are almost 600 species of alien (non-native) marine organisms recorded to date, the majority of which are crustaceans